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Aligarh Tehreek is a movement of education, culture, society, literature, and rational religious out look. Sir Syed Ahmad khan started it (1817-1898). The impact of this Tehreek can be seen in the 125 yrs of history of Indian Muslims. A student of history is unable to write a single note on Indian Muslims without discussing Aligarh Tehreek. This Tekreek has not only dictated a path of success but also produced such cadres who walked on that path and proved the hypothesis of Sir Syed. This is reason that this Tehreek is also popularly known as, Sir Syed Tehreek.
When Sir Syed decided to establish Madarsatul Uloom in Aligarh many people inspired and found it a sound of their soul too. So they become an integral part of this Movemrnt. Later on these people did great job for not only Sir Syed’s Tekreek but also for art, literature,science,history, poetry, journAlism and many more.
The unfortunate down fall of Mughal Empire may have lots of reason but it is also true that when England was building educational institutions like oxford and Cambridge our kings were busy in building Tajmahal, Lal Qila etc. This vision less attitude may have one of the reason of down fall or demise of Mughal Empire. A great visionary like Sir Syed was first among the Muslims who realized that the days of Muslims have gone away. If they want it to bring back they have to accept modern way of education. Sir Syed knew that the present education system is not fulfilling the need of hour. Maktab education has nothing relevant with this present changed system. Sir Syed thought that industrial revolution of England has changed the entire system of economy. Muslims have to learn a new system of education if they want to live with prosperity. They have to change their present attitude, their education system, have to get rid from hazardous cultural evils etc. Being a student of history Sir Syed was aware that those civilization who ignore the need of hour has lost their existence like slang words. Sir Syed knew that keep on changing with time has the key of success. With these basic tools of life, Sir Syed started to change his community. He wanted to change old education system by keeping Islamic values Alive. His aim was to bring a new out look in education, literature, religion, philosophy and social tradition. Sir Syed started his literary work, although he had lots of responsibilities of the British government but he wrote nearly 50 books on religion, history, low, politics, education, and on biography. By Asrarus Sanadeed he laid the foundation stone in research work of medieval India. He provided the basic tool to the historian by editing great books of medieval India like Burin’s Tareekh e firoz shahii, Aayeen n akbarii of abul fazal, and also edited Tuzkiyee jahangiree.
In 1866 Sir Syed laid the foundation stone of scientific society and published Aligarh institute gazette. The main objective of scientific society was to provide scientific knowledge to his fellow Indians in their own language. In 1870 Sir Syed started to publish a monthly magazine Tehzeebul Akhlaq . The aim of this monthly was to start speaking against the social evil and to guide for healthy traditions.Tehzeebul Akhlaq did the first journAlism work in Urdu language. Many people who were associated with this Aligarh Tehreeks mouthpiece started writing for the betterment of their community.
People like Nawab Viqarul Mulk, Nawab Mohsinul Mulk, Molvi Nazeer Ahmad, Molvi chirag Ali tried to wipe out stagnation from the Muslim community. They forced the people to re start thinking by their healthy articles in Thezeebul Akhlaq. Tehzeebul Akhlaq is the first Urdu magazine that took initiative to publish articles on philosophy, litrature and on there sophisticated research work. For this great and innovative work in Urdu literature Shibli Nomani has called Sir Syed as “URDU KA IMAM” .
Sir Syed’s companoin like Molana Hali, Shibli Nomani, Maulana Zakaullah, Waheed uddin Saleem and many more become very famous because of their education and revivalist ideas of society and for literature. Literary works of Maulana Hali, like Musaddas, biography of Sir Syed, Mirza Ghalib, and of Shekh Saadi is considered as great contribution to Urdu literature. In 1882 Shibli Nomani came to MAO College and only after the demise of Sir Syed he left Aligarh with the sprit of enlightening the society. Shibli Nomani establish an academy in Azamgarh, which is now known as Darul Musannfeen. Shibli Nomani’s contribution is of rich recourses to do research work in diverse of field. His books like Al Farooq, Al Gazali, Al Mamoon, Al Kalam, and Seratun Nabi are so famous and authentic that history student uses them as reference book for their research paper.
Deputy Nazir Ahmad was the excellent speaker of his time. He also speeded the real message of Aligarh Tehreek by his public meeting in different parts of the country. He also tried tro propagate the progressive ideology of Aligarh Tehreek by his writings. He is the first man who wrote novel in Urdu. He translated Indian panel code and act of income tax. But his novel MERATUN NUSOOR become so famous that may linguist translated this book. This book was written on issues of middle class Muslim and their cause of problems. He also wrote BENATUL AL NA ASH where he gave emphasis on women education. His other works like MUNATKHUBUL HEKAYAT, IMHATUL AMMA, MUAYEZE HASNA, MATALIBUL QURAN, TOBATUN NASOOH, IBNUL WAQT and AKHLAQ O MAZHAB are also become very famous.
Molvi Zakaullah wrote many books of science and mathematics. But his main contribution is the history of medieval India. Zakaullah wrote and published it in 10 volumes.
THESE all-great people with great power of knowledge were the backbone of Aligarh Tehreek. Whose main motive was to fight and sought against old customs and traditions Maulana Abul kalam Azad has rightly said about the beginning period of Aligarh Tehreek that “Late Sir Syed and his companion has not only establish this big institution but also produced the best activist of education and literature. In this movement Sir Syed was the central figure surrounded by the best brain of the country of his time”. MAO college was the place where Aligarh Tehreek up breed, it become a symbol of movements from where lots of eco, socio, and religious movements speeded all over the country.
The history of English and Urdu journalism in India has lots of name who represented Aligarh Tehreek in media,.Maulana Mohd. Ali Johar, (editor comrade and hamdard) Maulana Zafer Ali Khan (editor Zamindar) Maulana Hasrat Mohani (editor Urdu E Moalla) Sayed Hassan ( editor of independent) These all people were infect brain child of MAO college.
The kings of Urdu literature in 20th century like Molvi Abdul Haque, Qazi Abdul Ghafffar, Sajjad Haider, Rasheed Ahmad Siddiqui, Maulana Abul Majid Darya Badi, Abdur Rahman Bejnori , Mehdi Afadii are all from Aligarh Tehreek. The movement of Molvi Abdul haq Babaye Urdu can be traced from the lectures of Nawab Mohsinul Mulk a strong army of Sir Syed who fought the battle of Urdu hindi controversy from the side of Urdu in 19th century. Aligarh Tehreek had started translation work in India first by scientific society .
Later on when the Nizam of Hyderabad establish an institution like AL TURJUMA, MAO students were the first choice for them to do the translation work. Maulana Waheedudeen Saleem Molvi Inayetullah, Molvi Abdul Haq, were all directly or indirectly associated from this Tehreek. It was Aligarh Tehreek who made it popular that English education is necessary to regain the lost dignity. Later on many people copied it and open lots of school with this central them. One such institution ITAWA ISLAMIA COLLEGE was establish by khan Bahadur Basheeruddin . Educationists like Molvi Bashir Uddin, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Dr. Shekh Abdullah Khuja Ghulam Syedeen, Asadullah Kazmi, were all inspired by Aligarh Tehreek.this is why there contribution in Aligarh are remembered with great respect. One of the biggest achievements of Aligarh movement is that it has inspired lots of people to begin such revival movements. These all movements were with the same central them to wipe out stagnation from the all activity of Muslim society. Many literary movements were did remarkable work only due to Aligarh Tehreek.
Molvi Chirag Ali began to work on new scope of thinking in Islamic thoughts, Dr Hadi Hassan’s works in Persian Maulana Abdul Azeez’s works in Arbic forced the Iranian and to the Arabs to accept them as respective language expert. Professor Haroon Khan Sherani And Professor Mohd. Habeeb worked in Jamia Usmain and Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh on history and become reference for history research scholars, Miyan Mohd. Shareef and Khalifa Abdul Haleem become a spart of EDARA E SAQAFATEE ISLAMIA LAHORE where they did very important works in culture and Islamic philosophy. Abul sattar Siddiqui is the well-known figure among the linguists. Qazi Tilmad Hussain open the door to do research on Roomi by his book MARKATUL MASNOOVI. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has written that Sir Syed was a great revolutionist. He was 100% true education is the basic tool for any community. Pandit Nehru also supported Sir Syed’s stand that Muslims could not do better in politics without education. The most admirable part of Aligarh Tehreek is that people kept on changing according to the need of hour. After the demise of Sir Syed, political atmosphere has changed in India many Muslim leaders felt to rethink in the decision of Aligarh Tehreek to keep away from politics . The same people who were against of fighting with the western power leaded the historic movement, which is known as Khilafiat movement in Indian History. Molana Mohd. Ali, Maulana Hasrat Mohani, Dr syeed Mehmood, was all integral part of Aligarh Tehreek. But when Mahatama Ghandhi called them to take part in the freedom struggle they all joined congress to fight against the colonial power. This was the revolutionary change in the mind of the people who were associated with Aligarh Tehreek.Mohd. Ali Jauhar has said that we are doing nothing against Aligarh Tehreek by joining struggle movement against the British. He tried to justify his stand by this couplet with referencing Sir Syed as. Shekhaya Tha Tum Hey Ne Qaum Ko Ye Shor O Shar Sara.
Jo Is Ki Inteha Ham Hain To iski Ibteda tum ho. (Sir Syed you have thought us to shought against evil. if we are going to take extreme action against the system it is you had taken the initiative.) Many historians who have not studied the whole Aligarh tehrteek criticize Sir Syeds policy and tried to say him as the agent of British. The man who wrote as babe Bagawatee hind where he made britisher responsible for the mutiny, how could be Agent of the same. The man who forced the Britisher to include Indians in the governing body how could be agent of the British. The fact is that Aligarh has provided an open plat forum for all from the day first of its establishment.. it is a big thing for an institution that it has permitted all to express their views. Irfan habeeb and Dr. Ashraf are the people who spreaded the Marxist ideology in the campus, it proves that liberalism is nothing new for the Aligarians,
At last but not the least I just want to stop my article with these question mark that … what went wrong with the Alumni that they are not doing 1% of work what they were suppose to do for the betterment of the Muslim community? Are they waiting for another Sir Syed? Remember … Apne Kabe Ki Hifazat Abb Tum Hein Khud Karni Hai
Ab nahee Hai Aba Bilon Ka Lashkar Ane wala.. Refrences
Aligarh First Generation.
By David Lelyveld
From Plassy to partession.
By Shekhar Bandhopadho Padhaye
Indias struggle for independece.
By Bipanchandra
Hayate Javed.
By khwaja Altaf Hussain Hali
A very good research paper "Aligarh ke Adbi Khidmat" by Mr khalid Mubashshir. Research scholar in Jamia MIllia Islamia.
Tafhimur Rahman
Diploma in T.V Journalism.
From YMCA New Delhi. 2006-07.
Graduation.
History Hons, From Jamia Millia Islamia in 2006
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